Application | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
synthesis | Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the native Artemisia annua cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP71AV1) and artemisinic aldehyde D11(13) reductase (DBR2) is used as a whole-cell biocatalyst to produce the immediate artemisinin precursor, dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA) | Artemisia annua |
Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
gene cyp71av1, recombinant expression of cytochrome P450 CYP71AV1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, coexpression with artemisinic aldehyde D11(13) reductase (DBR2), and artemisinic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1), which recycles NADPH | Artemisia annua |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the native Artemisia annua cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP71AV1) and artemisinic aldehyde D11(13) reductase (DBR2) is used as a whole-cell biocatalyst to produce the immediate artemisinin precursor, dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA). Introducing artemisinic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1) from Artemisia annua, which recycles NADPH, results in a significant enhancement in artemisinate titer. Method optimization and evaluation, host screening and cofactor engineering, overview. The co-expression of DBR2 and modulation of abiotic conditions result in a higher yield. Optimal condition are 80 OD yeast cells in 0.05 ml reaction at pH 8.0. Growing the yeast cells at 20°C in galactose medium increases the dihydroartemisinate titer by 50% | Artemisia annua |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
amorpha-4,11-diene + 3 O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] | Artemisia annua | overall reaction, multistep process | artemisinate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O | - |
? | |
amorpha-4,11-diene + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] | Artemisia annua | - |
artemisinic alcohol + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O | - |
? | |
artemisinic alcohol + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] | Artemisia annua | - |
artemisinic aldehyde + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O | - |
? | |
artemisinic aldehyde + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] | Artemisia annua | - |
artemisinate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Artemisia annua | Q1PS23 | - |
- |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
amorpha-4,11-diene + 3 O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] | overall reaction, multistep process | Artemisia annua | artemisinate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O | - |
? | |
amorpha-4,11-diene + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] | - |
Artemisia annua | artemisinic alcohol + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O | - |
? | |
artemisinic alcohol + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] | - |
Artemisia annua | artemisinic aldehyde + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O | - |
? | |
artemisinic aldehyde + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] | - |
Artemisia annua | artemisinate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
CYP71AV1 | - |
Artemisia annua |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
8 | - |
recombinant enzyme | Artemisia annua |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
cytochrome P450 | - |
Artemisia annua | |
heme | a heme catalytic site situated at the C-terminal domain | Artemisia annua | |
NADPH-hemoprotein reductase | A flavoprotein containing both FMN and FAD. This enzyme catalyses the transfer of electrons from NADPH, an obligatory two-electron donor, to microsomal P-450 monooxygenases, EC 1.14.14._ | Artemisia annua |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
metabolism | the first oxidation step by cytochrome P450 (CYP71AV1) is the main rate-limiting step in the dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA) pathway | Artemisia annua |
physiological function | enzyme CYP71AV1 is the critical enzyme that is capable of catalyzing three consecutive oxidation reactions at C-12 position of amorpha-4,11-diene to artemisinate. The heme catalytic site is situated at the C-terminal domain | Artemisia annua |